Investigation of the Topside Ionosphere over Cyprus and Russia Using Swarm Data

Using the topside electron density (Ne) measurements recorded over Cyprus and Russia, we investigate latitudinal variation in during interval 2014–2020, encompassing a period of high-to-low solar activity. The selected dataset employed this study is based on situ Langmuir probe data board European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm satellites, vicinity three Digisonde stations Nicosia (35.14°N, 33.2°E), Moscow (55.5°N, 37.3°E) Saint Petersburg (60.0°N, 30.7°E). Our investigation demonstrates that ratio Ne_Swarm/NmF2 between coincident Ne_Swarm NmF2 observations higher than one various occasions nighttime, which not case Petersburg, signifying discrepancy feature at altitudes depends only activity time day but also latitude.